Objective To investigate the efficacy of endoscopy for the treatment of benign biliary stricture after biliary surgery. Methods The clinical data of 127 patients with benign biliary stricture after biliary surgery at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Bismuth classification, there were 60 patients with type Ⅰ, 35 with type Ⅱ, 21 with type Ⅲ and 11 with type Ⅳ. The efficacies of endoscopy for the treatment of biliary stricture with different Bismuth subtypes were analyzed.  Results The location and severity of biliary stricture were confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)+cholangiography. Sixteen patients (including 7 with type Ⅲ and 9 with type Ⅳ) were transferred to surgical treatment due to severe biliary stricture. A total of 111 patients underwent endoscopic treatment successfully, with the success rate of 87.4%(111/127). The success rates of endoscopy for the treatment of patients with Bismuth Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ biliary strictures were 95%(57/60), 86%(30/35), 9/14 and 1/2, respectively. Twentynine patients were implanted with retrievable metallic biliary stent, and 82 were implantated with plastic biliary stent. Of the 111 patients, only 6 patients were complicated by acute pancreatitis, and they were cured by conservative treatment. The alleviative rates of yellow skin and icteric sclera, tenderness and distending pain of right upper quadrant, fever were 73%(81/111), 83%(74/89), 90%(73/81) and 89%(68/76) at 1 week after treatment, and they were 88%(98/111), 91%(81/89), 94%(76/81) and 92% (70/76) at 8 weeks after treatment. The efficacy of endoscopy was good in 97 patients and poor in 14 patients, and the 14 patients were converted to open surgery. The symptoms including yellow skin and icteric sclera, tenderness and distending pain of right upper quadrant, fever were completely alleviated at postoperative month 6.  Conclusion Endoscopic treatment for benign biliary stricture is safe and effective.